Man is better than animal人類勝過(guò)動(dòng)物

譯者點(diǎn)評(píng)：普羅泰格拉說(shuō)，人類勝過(guò)動(dòng)物，全恃道德。如是，道德就成了衡量人與動(dòng)物的一把尺子。其實(shí)，人與動(dòng)物之間的關(guān)系不僅僅能反映人的道德觀，也反映動(dòng)物的道德觀。人狗之間與人貓之間所反映的就是兩種不同的動(dòng)物的道德觀：忠誠(chéng)與奸詐。這決定了人對(duì)動(dòng)物的不同態(tài)度：忠誠(chéng)博得了寵愛(ài)，奸詐遭到了疏遠(yuǎn)。結(jié)果也導(dǎo)致了狗貓之間的頻頻戰(zhàn)事。而事實(shí)上，人與人，人與動(dòng)物，動(dòng)物與動(dòng)物，未必不能和睦相處：關(guān)鍵在于理解和愛(ài)。
�漈he way I see it dogs had this big meeting. Oh maybe 20，000 years ago. A huge meeting—an international convention with delegates from everywhere. And that‘s when they decided that humans were the up and coming species and dogs were going to throw their lot in with them. The decision was obviously not unanimous. The wolves and dingoes walked out in protest.
Cats had an even more negative reaction. When they heard the news they called their own meeting—in Paris of course—to denounce canine subservience to the human hyperpower.Their manifesto—La Condition Féline—can still be found in provincial bookstores.
Cats，it must be said，have not done badly. Using guile and seduction they managed to get humans to feed them thus preserving their superciliousness without going hungry. A neat trick. Dogs being guileless signed and delivered. It was the beginning of a beautiful friendship.
I must admit that I‘ve been slow to warm to dogs.I grew up in a non-pet friendly home. Dogs do not figure prominently in Jewish immigrant households. My father was not very high on pets. He wasn’t hostile. He just saw them as superfluous an encumbrance. When the Cossacks are chasing you around Europe you need to travel light.This by the way is why Europe produced far more Jewish violinists than pianists. Try packing a piano.
My parents did allow a hint of zoological indulgence. I had a pet turtle. My brother had a parakeet. Both came to unfortunate ends. My turtle fell behind a radiator and was not discovered until too late. And the parakeet God bless him flew out a window once never to be seen again. After such displays of stewardship we dared not ask for a dog.
My introduction to the wonder of dogs came from my wife Robyn. She‘s Australian. And Australia as lovingly recounted in Bill Bryson’s In a Sunburned Country has the craziest wildest deadliest meanest animals on the planet. In a place where every spider and squid can take you down faster than a sucker punched boxer you cherish niceness in the animal kingdom. And they don‘t come nicer than dogs.
Robyn started us off slowly. She got us a Border collie Hugo when our son was about 6. She knew that would appeal to me because the Border collie is the smartest species on the planet. Hugo could 1 play outfield in our backyard baseball games 2 do flawless front door sentry duty and 3 play psychic weatherman announcing with a wail every coming thunderstorm.
When our son Daniel turned 10 he wanted a dog of his own. I was against it using arguments borrowed from seminars on nuclear nonproliferation. It was hopeless. One giant“Please Dad”and I caved completely. Robyn went out to Winchester Virginia found a litter of black Labs and brought home Chester.
Chester is what psychiatrists mean when they talk about unconditional love. Unbridled is more like it. Come into our house�焌nd he was so happy to see you he would knock you over.Deliverymen learned to leave things at the front door.
In some respects—Ph.D. potential for example—I don‘t make any great claims for Chester. When I would arrive home I fully expected to find Hugo reading the newspaper. Not Chester. Chester would try to make his way through a narrow sliding door find himself stuck halfway and then look at me with total and quite genuine puzzlement.I don’t think he ever got to understand that the rear part of him was actually attached to the front.
But it was Chester who dispensed affection as unreflectively as he breathed who got me thinking about this long ago pact between humans and dogs. Cat lovers and the pet averse will just roll their eyes at such dogophilia.I can‘t help it. Chester was always at your foot or your hand waiting to be petted and stroked played with and talked to. His beautiful blocky head his wonderful overgrown puppy’s body his baritone bark filled every corner of house and heart.
Then last month at the tender age of 8 he died quite suddenly. The long slobbering slothful decline we had been looking forward to was not to be. When told the news a young friend who was a regular victim of Chester‘s lunging lovebombs said mournfully“He was the sweetest creature I ever saw. He’s the only dog I ever saw kiss a cat.”
Some will protest that in a world with so much human suffering it is something between eccentric and obscene to mourn a dog. I think not. After all it is perfectly normal indeed deeply human to be moved when nature presents us with a vision of great beauty. Should we not be moved when it produces a vision—a creature—of the purest sweetness﹖ -
根據(jù)我的觀察，狗開(kāi)了這次大會(huì)。噢，也許是在兩萬(wàn)年以前開(kāi)的。那是一次盛大聚會(huì)——有各地代表參加的一次國(guó)際會(huì)議。正是在那次會(huì)議上它們做出了決定：人是上進(jìn)的物種，狗要與他們共命運(yùn)。這個(gè)決定顯然未取得一致見(jiàn)解。狼和野狗憤然離會(huì)表示抗議。
貓的反應(yīng)更消極。它們聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后，也召開(kāi)了會(huì)議——當(dāng)然是在巴黎——痛斥狗屈服于人類強(qiáng)權(quán)的懦弱行徑。(它們的聲明——《貓的狀況》——仍然可以在外省書(shū)店里看到。)
必須承認(rèn)，貓干得不壞。利用欺騙和誘惑，它們?cè)O(shè)法讓人類喂養(yǎng)它們，所以，既不挨餓又保持了目中無(wú)人的派頭。一個(gè)絕招兒。老實(shí)厚道的狗簽署并發(fā)表了那項(xiàng)聲明。于是開(kāi)始了人與狗的一段美好友誼。
我必須承認(rèn)，我并不是一下子就對(duì)狗產(chǎn)生好感的。我生長(zhǎng)在一個(gè)不喜歡寵物的家庭里。在猶太移民的家庭里，狗不是最重要的。父親對(duì)寵物不感興趣。他不是恨寵物，只是認(rèn)為寵物是多余的，是累贅。當(dāng)哥薩克人追著你滿歐洲跑的時(shí)候，你需要輕裝上路。(順便說(shuō)一句，歐洲猶太人小提琴家之所以大大多于猶太人鋼琴家，原因就在這里。不信你就打包一架鋼琴試試。)
我父母確實(shí)遷就過(guò)我們養(yǎng)寵物。我養(yǎng)過(guò)一只龜，弟弟養(yǎng)過(guò)一只長(zhǎng)尾鸚鵡。兩個(gè)的結(jié)局都很不幸。我的龜?shù)舻揭粋�(gè)散熱器的后面，發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已經(jīng)沒(méi)救了。而那只鸚鵡，愿上帝保佑它，有一次飛出窗外，就再也沒(méi)見(jiàn)到影兒。在表現(xiàn)出如此糟糕的管理之后，我們還哪敢提養(yǎng)狗的事兒。
是我的妻子羅賓使我開(kāi)始了解到狗的神奇的。她是澳大利亞人。而澳大利亞，正如比爾·布賴森在《太陽(yáng)燒焦的鄉(xiāng)村》中所熱情洋溢地歌頌的那樣，擁有這個(gè)星球上最狂的、最野的、最兇的、最丑的動(dòng)物。每一只蜘蛛，每一條烏賊，都能比又快又猛的拳擊手還快地打倒你，在這樣一個(gè)地方，你所珍重的是動(dòng)物王國(guó)里的文雅。而那些動(dòng)物都不如狗文雅。
羅賓帶我們慢慢地起步。兒子6歲時(shí)，她給我們弄了一只博德牧羊犬，叫雨果。她知道我會(huì)喜歡它，因?yàn)椴┑履裂蛉�是這個(gè)星球上最聰明的狗。第一，雨果能在我們打后院壘球游戲時(shí)打外場(chǎng);第二，無(wú)可挑剔地在前門把守;第三，它是通靈氣象員，每當(dāng)雷暴到來(lái)之前它都會(huì)長(zhǎng)吠一聲。
當(dāng)我們的兒子丹尼爾10歲時(shí)，他想自己養(yǎng)條狗。我不同意，借用防核擴(kuò)散研討會(huì)上的論點(diǎn)來(lái)反對(duì)。但不奏效。只一聲偉大的“求求你了，爸爸”，我就徹底屈服了。羅賓去了趟弗吉尼亞的溫切斯特，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一窩黑色的拉布拉多小狗，于是，把切斯特帶回了家。
切斯特就是精神病學(xué)家所說(shuō)的那種無(wú)條件的愛(ài)。更確切地說(shuō)是毫無(wú)顧忌。有誰(shuí)一走進(jìn)家門，它那么高興地見(jiàn)到你，會(huì)把你撞倒。(送貨人都學(xué)會(huì)了把東西放在我們門口。)
在某些方面——如博士學(xué)位什么的——我對(duì)切斯特并不抱什么太大的奢望。一到家，我總能看到雨果在讀報(bào)紙。但不是切斯特。切斯特會(huì)使勁擠進(jìn)一個(gè)很窄的拉門，半身卡在了那里，然后用毫不摻假的迷茫眼神看著我。我認(rèn)為它從來(lái)不明白它的后半截身子實(shí)際上是和前半截連在一起的。
但正是切斯特像呼吸一樣不假思索地施愛(ài)與人，正是它讓我想起了這個(gè)很久以前就已訂立了的人犬之間的契約。愛(ài)貓者和厭惡寵物者對(duì)這種親狗癥只能翻翻白眼而已�？晌覜](méi)有辦法。切斯特不是在你的腳下，就是在你的手邊，等著拍打撫摩，與它玩�；蚺c它說(shuō)話。它那顆漂亮斑駁的腦袋，那奇妙肥大的身段，那男中音式的狗吠，遍及房間和心窩的各個(gè)角落。
而上個(gè)月，在剛剛8歲這幼小的年齡，它就突然死去了。我們?cè)��?jīng)預(yù)料的那漫長(zhǎng)的、流著口水的、懶散的衰老過(guò)程不會(huì)再有了。經(jīng)常受切斯特發(fā)自肺腑的愛(ài)彈襲擊的一個(gè)年輕朋友在聽(tīng)到它的死訊時(shí)悲傷地說(shuō)，“它是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物。它是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的惟一一只吻貓的狗。”
有些人會(huì)反駁說(shuō)，在一個(gè)充滿了人類痛苦的世界上，為一只狗悲傷，是近乎怪癖或可憎的表現(xiàn)。我以為不然。畢竟，深為自然界呈現(xiàn)給我們的偉大美景而感動(dòng)完全是正常的、具有深刻人性的事。當(dāng)它向我們呈現(xiàn)一個(gè)最可愛(ài)的景象——一個(gè)動(dòng)物時(shí)，我們不應(yīng)該為之所動(dòng)嗎?